Among the many benefits of philosophy of education, it helps students develop responsible critical attitudes. Essentially, this means an openness to questions and a benign skepticism. This is one of the hallmarks of active learning, a popular pedagogical model in higher education. It emphasizes texts and authors that challenge students. The purpose of philosophy courses is to help students develop critical attitudes and engage in critical thinking.
Realism
Realism is a philosophical orientation that believes in the usefulness of the world and the existence of matter. In realism, knowledge is the result of organizing data from experience. This theory places emphasis on the role of intelligence. The teacher serves as the guide of the student, introducing him to the real world. In the real world, we can see suffering, love, and infamy. These are all part of the drama of life.
Realism is the opposite of idealism, which values the idea of a natural world, not human minds. This philosophy places high value on the human endeavor and asserts that “Man is finite.” Realism also says that education is the process by which man raises himself to the external world.
Pragmatism
Pragmatism in education emphasizes the importance of allowing students to explore and learn by themselves. As such, the content of curriculum should be based on the interests of the students. In this regard, Dewey’s theory of inquiry states that a child should be able to learn by doing and reflecting on his or her experiences. This method, also known as active learning, fosters inductive reasoning and the development of capable adults.
Pragmatism in education also emphasizes the social function of education. For this reason, pragmatism emphasizes that education must provide real life experiences for children.
Analytical techniques
Analytical techniques are commonly used in the philosophy of education. These techniques can include conceptual analysis, ordinary language analysis, and a broader orientation. These techniques aim to describe rational conditions for educational goals, while leaving the specifics up to public deliberation. Analytical techniques are useful for examining the history of education and the philosophy of education.
The disciplinary boundary between philosophy and education is frequently unclear, but broad philosophical orientations are useful for providing a general overview of the field. Broad philosophical orientations often reflect a variety of distinct but related philosophical commitments.
World view
Several studies have examined the role of WE in education. They have shown that students’ attitudes toward WE are influenced by the subjects they are taught in school. Some of these studies have also examined the importance of WE in ethics, social studies, and mathematics. Teachers have also shown that teaching about WE is associated with the pedagogical goals of their school.
Among the many definitions of WE, the main category is pedagogical practices. In pedagogical practices, it refers to statements about teaching methods, values, and interactions between students and teachers. Generally, these statements refer to teaching and learning practices, such as interactive teaching methods and dialogue.
Developing critical thinking
Developing critical thinking requires a student to examine evidence and question beliefs. It also prepares students for independent thinking. They are less likely to follow the crowd and to believe everything they hear or read. It is therefore important for educators to emphasize critical thinking in the classroom. There are various approaches to developing critical thinking.
The first way is to use the P4C programme developed by Matthew Lipman, which focuses on identifying and cultivating students’ curiosity. Through the use of questions, students develop philosophical understanding and social dispositions.
